Much of its bulk consists of its massive head, with gaping jaws that can open at an eighty-degree angle and clamp down with a bite force of up to 34,500 Newtons. A single exceptional female has been reported at up to 13.5 meters (44.3 feet) in length, exceeding known dimensions of fossil specimens. This animal grows to 12.3 to 13 meters (40 to 42 feet) long, 3.5 meters (12.5 feet) tall at the hip, 5.2 meters (17 feet) tall at the head, and weighs between seven and twelve tons as an adult. The largest-known of the tyrannosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex was also the third-largest theropod cloned by InGen (slightly smaller than Spinosaurus, and significantly smaller than the projected adult size for the artificially-created Indominus rex). As of June 11, 1993, InGen had created only Version 1.0 of this animal.Įxploitation and poor management has led to this apex predator reaching the brink of extinction after Jurassic World was closed down in December of 2015, only one living specimen was confirmed. Ultimately, this specimen would end up having the longest confirmed lifespan of any of InGen’s animals. While at least seven were originally cloned and a few bred in the wild, most of the attention was devoted to the individual shipped to Isla Nublar for Jurassic Park in the 1990s. In 1988, InGen first succeeded in cloning Tyrannosaurus rex. An abundance of fossils have been found of this species, including good examples of juveniles and subadults. rex fossils has become something of a tradition since. The most famous was discovered by amateur paleontologist Sue Hendrickson in 1990, and nicknamed “Sue” in honor of its discoverer. Interest was sustained for decades a large number of tyrannosaur remains were found during the 1990s, including the two most complete skeletons found so far. Paleontological interest in Tyrannosaurus was high during the 1960s, leading to over forty skeletons being recovered from sites in western North America. At the time, no theropods of comparable size were known from the Cretaceous of North America. The first skeleton was named Dynamosaurus imperiosus, but a year later, Osborn corrected himself and determined that both skeletons belonged to Tyrannosaurus. It was this second skeleton which was ultimately named Tyrannosaurus rex by the president of the AMNH, Henry Fairfield Osborn, in 1905. Two years later, he found more remains (including thirty-seven bones) in Montana’s Hell Creek Formation. rex was found in 1900 by Barnum Brown, the assistant curator of the American Museum of Natural History. The first partial skeleton confirmed to be T. Hatcher realized in 1907 that they actually were theropod remains. However, he initially thought they belonged to a ceratopsid dinosaur, which he named Manospondylus gigas. Paleontologist John Bell Hatcher discovered some postcranial remains during the 1890s, and in 1892, Edward Drinker Cope of Bone Wars fame found vertebrae belonging to it. The earliest finds now attributed to Tyrannosaurus were isolated teeth found by geologist Arthur Lakes near Golden, Colorado in 1874. Evidence of predation include part of the caudal vertebrae (tail bones) of an Edmontosaurus being bitten off and healed, as well as Triceratops horns being broken off and healed. It mainly hunted ceratopsians and hadrosaurs. rex was the apex predator of its environment. There is only one recognized species its scientific name means “tyrant reptile king.” This theropod was widespread across North America, with known fossil sites including the Hell Creek Formation (Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota), the Livingston Formation, Ferris Formation, and Lance Formation (all in Wyoming), the Laramie Formation and Denver Formation (both in Colorado), the Javelina Formation (Texas), the McRae Formation (New Mexico), and North Horn Formation (Utah), all in the United States, as well as the Scolland Formation (Alberta) and Frenchman Formation (Saskatchewan), both in Canada. Tyrannosaurus rex represents perhaps the most well-known group of dinosaurs, the tyrannosaurids. Tyrannosaurus is a genus of very large theropod dinosaur that lived in the Late-Cretaceous Period about 68 to 65.5 million years ago.
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